REDENHAIR ANTI-GREY SHAMPOO - 250ML

REDENHAIR ANTI-GREY SHAMPOO is a latest-generation hair product that prevents the greying process, preserving the natural colour of the hair for a more youthful appearance.

One of its active substances is GREYVERSE™, recognised in the BEAUTY INDUSTRY AWARDS 2018 for being the first active ingredient able to increase in the pigmentation in the hair after progressive application, backed by various efficacy studies.

Other ingredients include REDENSYL®, the advanced ingredient formed by 4 molecules that reactivate the stem cells of the hair follicle protuberance to stimulate the hair growth; NUTRILAN KERATIN®, a hydrolysed protein that helps fortify the hair shaft, replacing the keratin to improve then hair's strength and elasticity; PANTHENOL, a molecule derived from vitamin B5 that improves health of the scalp and moisturises the hair to increase the growth of healthy hair and NIACINAMIDE or NICOTINAMIDE, a form of vitamin B3 that increases the hair thickness in general and stimulates the microcirculation of the scalp to develop the hair growth processes and avoid the formation of grey hairs.

The role of melanin

Hair colour varies according to the genetic inheritance of each individual. The wide range of natural hair colours (different tones of blonde, red, brown or black) is the result of the amount of variables and the distribution of two types of melanin in the cortex, or mid-layer of the hair shaft: eumelanin (pigmentation from black to brown) and pheomelanin (pigmentation from red to blonde). The composition of this mix is determined genetically according to the need our ancestors had to protect their hair as result of their geographic location.

Like the skin, the objective of the melanin in the hair is basically to protect from sun damage. Thanks to the fact that the pigmentation can absorb UV rays, it is possible to protect the hair against drying and breakage, split ends, thinning of the follicles and frizz.

In addition, melanin is also able to neutralise toxins, heavy metals and other potentially toxic substances that can accumulate in the protein structure of the hair. In fact, the selective, avid union of these compounds to the melanin pigment limits their access, and therefore the potential damage, to the living tissue of the highly vascularised scalp.

Melanin synthesis

Melanin is only produced by melanocytes during the anagen phase (growth stage) of the hair cycle. The melanocytes are in the bulb of each hair follicle in the basal membrane that surrounds the dermal papilla. The pigmentation is transferred through dendrites from melanocytes to the surrounding keratinocytes in a continuous flow while they proliferate, building the new part of a pigmented hair shaft.

Genetically programmed, the formation process of grey hairs generally starts around the age of 30 for Caucasians, later for Asians (late 30s) and later still for Africans (mid 40s). This unwanted process can also affect some younger people, in the form of premature greying, which can even start before the age of 20. The first grey hairs usually appear at the temples and then spread to the rest of the scalp. Facial and body hair are usually affected later.

In any event, the emergence of grey in the hair shaft is due to a gradual loss of melanin caused by various factors. As the level of pigmentation decreases, the hair colour gets lighter and lighter and the hair shaft starts to look grey. When the level of pigmentation is even lower, it is undetectable to the human eye (due to the changes in the reflection of the light caused by the low level of pigmentation) and the transparent hair appears white. This condition can be reversed provided there are still some melanocytes present in the bulb. The final step of the hair's greying process (a fully white hair shaft), which is fully irreversible, occurs when the hair does not contain any more pigmentation due to a complete loss of all melanocytes.

There are two factors that have been identified as the main causes of the formation process of grey hair: the reduction of melanogenesis and the increase in the oxidative stress in the hair bulb.

• With time, the amount of melanocytes and their activity in the hair bulb decrease, which entails a reduction in the process of melanogenesis, which develops according to the "melanogenic clock".

  The synthesis of melanin in the melanocytes decreases due to a lower stimulation of the process and a lower activity of the enzymes involved (tyrosinase and TRP-1). In addition, the transfer of melanosome (blister containing melanin) to the surrounding keratinocytes decreases to due to a default in the interaction between melanocytes/keratinocytes. Therefore, the final amount of pigmentation in the hair shaft is attenuated until the hair turns grey and then white.

• The oxidative stress is increased by the reduction of two main enzymatic actions:

1. Catalase. The cells of the hair follicle produce small amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as part of the oxygen cycle. This oxidative substance is degraded naturally by the catalase, forming water and oxygen.

   H₂O₂ => 2H₂O + O₂

   With ageing, the activity of the catalase enzyme decreases, which leads to an accumulation of H2O2 that whitens the melanin pigments and the hair from the inside out, gradually causing the loss of the natural hair colour.

   The accumulation of H2O2 also inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme involved in the melanin synthesis, thus reducing the ability of the melanocytes to produce pigmentation.

2. TRP-2 (protein related to tyrosinase-2), initially known as an enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, is also an anti-oxidant enzyme that protects and defends the melanocytes against the generation of reactive oxygen species (or free radicals). The reduction of TRP-2 intensifies the loss of melanocytes as they become more sensitive to the aggressions of these free radicals.

Apply to wet hair, massaging gently into your hair and scalp to create a lather. Rinse thoroughly with water. Apply again, this time with a vigorous massage. Leave it to act for a few minutes. Rinse thoroughly with cold water. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Do not swallow. Keep this product out of the reach of children.

Ingredientes: AQUA (WATER), SODIUM LAUROYL, SARCOSINATE, COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE, PEG-90, GLYCERYL ISOSTEARATE, NIACINAMIDE, PANTHENOL, DECYL GLUCOSIDE, GLYCERIN, SODIUM CHLORIDE, QUATERNIUM-22, PARFUM (FRAGRANCE), LAURETH-2, POLYQUATERNIUM 55, POLYQUATERNIUM-44, DMDM HYDANTOIN, BIOTIN, HYDROLYZED KERATIN, TETRASODIUM EDTA, LAURIC ACID, SODIUM BENZOATE, PHENOXYETHANOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, L-PANTOLACTONE, LEUCONOSTOC/RADISH ROOT FERMENT FILTRATE, CAPRYLYL GLYCOL, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, GLYCINE, LARIX EUROPAEA WOOD EXTRACT, SODIUM METABISULFITE, CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT, ZINC CHLORIDE, CITRIC ACID, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-20.

Greyverse™ is the result of an extensive selection of various peptides tested on different biological targets involved in the hair's greying process.

Greyverse™ is a patented palmityl tetrapeptide (4 amino acids grafted in palmitic acid). The active sequence is derived from the structure of α-MSH, known for being the main molecule capable of stimulating melanogenesis.

As an analogue of α-MSH, Greyverse™ is able to bind to MC1-R, a transmembrane receptor located on the surface of the melanocytes. The activation of MC1-R stimulates the process of melanogenesis, and the expression and activity of the catalase, which reduces the accumulation of oxygen peroxide that ends up accelerating the formation process of grey hairs.

Due to its complete mechanism of action, Greyverse™ can act simultaneously and efficiently on the two main factors that cause the hair's greying process:

• It stimulates melanogenesis to increase the production of melanin in the bulb and favour an improved transfer that leads to the repigmentation of the hair.

• It reduces the oxidative stress as it increases the expression and activity of the catalase, thus reducing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide to maintain the colour of the complete pigment.

Unlike the melanocytes of the skin, that if stimulated are able to produce a greater amount of melanin than the constitutive colour of the skin (facultative pigmentation), the hair melanocytes cannot produce more than they are genetically programmed to (only constitutive pigmentation). Therefore, Greyverse™ can only help the hair to restore its natural colour, it cannot darken it.

Clinical trials prove the effectiveness of Greyverse™

The clinical evidence of the effect of this active ingredient is the most important argument, particularly for applications such as reversing the hair colour.

Greyverse™ has been tested on selected volunteers with premature greying (35 years of age and more than 20% grey hair) and has been shown to reduce the general whitening of hair and darken grey hairs after 3 months of treatment, with notable, very visible results: a decrease of 30% of the density of grey hairs was achieved.

As a biological process, the hair's greying process entails various genes. The evaluation of the genetic expression and the synthesis of related proteins is an innovative way to demonstrate the efficacy of the product.

Based on an analysis of hair taken from various volunteers, Greyverse™ has shown its ability to modulate some of the main genes involved in the pigmentation:

• The increase in the expression of the gene MC1-R increases the number of receptors responsible for the induction of melanogenesis.

• The reduction in the expression of a competing gene of α-MSH (ASIA) to bind to MC1-R favours the activation this reception by α-MSH to better induce melanogenesis.

• The increase in the expression of a gene (MITF) stimulates the synthesis of melanin.

Redensyl®

Redensyl® is a product made up of two molecules that prevent imbalances in hair growth. This combination very significantly reactivates hair growth and reduces hair loss with clinically visible results in three months. The most notable benefits are:

• It relaunches the activity and proliferation of stem cells. The outer root sheath stem cells (ORSc) are vitalised, thus triggering a new hair cycle.

• It increases the metabolism of the fibroblasts of the dermal papilla. The hair follicles are nourished and the stem cells are activated more quickly.

It is a revolutionary product that acts on stem cells and HFDPc to reactivate hair growth, thanks to the substances it is made of:

• Dihydroquercetin-glycoside (DHQG), a stabilised polyphenol that activates the division of the stem cells of the hair follicle, at the same time maintaining their differentiation properties. It protects the stem cells from apoptosis and directs them toward the anagen cycle. At the same time it increases the metabolism of the fibroblasts of the dermal papilla.

• EGCG-glycoside (EGCG2): a derivative of stabilised EGCG that is used to reduce the typical inflammatory condition of the alopecic scalp and capture the free radicals.

• Glycine: this is one of the main components of the hair proteins, principally the proteins associated with keratin, that favours hair growth.

• Zinc: a very important cofactor for numerous enzymes, which stimulates the incorporation of cystine into the keratin for stronger hair.

Nutrilan® Keratin W PP

Nutrilan® Keratin W PP acts as a substance that protects and cares for the scalp. It is a hydrolysed protein that helps fortify the hair shaft, replacing the keratin, the natural protein in hair, to improve the hair's strength and elasticity. The benefits it brings to the hair are the following:

• It revitalises the natural protective layer of the hair.

• The keratin proteins reconstruct the tensile strength and the return elasticity and reduce hair breakage.

• It greatly reduces damage caused by chemical treatments.

• In comparison with other proteins, it has a high proportion of cystine, the "micro-protein" for naturally strengthening the hair.

Nutrilan® Keratin W PP penetrates the deepest layers of the hair and achieves long-lasting effects, repairing structural damage, strengthening the hair and providing robustness, reducing breakage. Similarly, it improves the hair's tenacity, renews the structure of the hair making it look younger and protects the scalp from external aggressors.

Panthenol

Panthenol is a chiral molecule derived from vitamin B5 which affords added benefits by improving the health of the scalp and potentially stimulating hair growth: it is a potent humectant that not only absorbs water on coming into direct contact with the latter, but also absorbs moisture from the air. It is precisely this moisture that protects our hair from dryness. In this regard, the absorption of moisture causes the hair stem to swell to accommodate the extra water; thin hair therefore acquires a thicker appearance as a result. In addition to improving the general appearance of the hair, the added moisture indirectly stimulates hair growth..

This extraordinary ingredient is not only a humectant but also a useful hydrating agent and emollient. It spreads uniformly over the hair surface, forming a fine layer on the cuticle. This film provides greater cohesion to light reflecting from the surface of the hair, manifesting as exceptional brightness, with a healthy appearance of the hair.

Panthenol is able to penetrate the cuticle and the hair shaft, contributing to retaining moisture and affording volume. It also has properties that favour the untangling of the hair: wet hair tangles easily, and in people with long hair this can be difficult to remedy without damaging the hair or causing hair loss. Panthenol penetrates the hair stem and covers it with a bright protective layer, thereby making it easier to smoothly comb wet hair and undo tangles without causing hair loss.

Another benefit of panthenol is that it helps protect the hair from damage due to hair dryers, hair straighteners or simple combing. This vitamin B5 related compound restores hair elasticity, causing hair to flex naturally instead of breaking. Hair loss is reduced as a result, with fewer damaged or opened ends - thereby affording a healthier appearance of the hair.

Panthenol is easily absorbed by the skin, and as a precursor of vitamin B5 directly influences the metabolic processes in the epidermal cells. It has been shown to offer many beneficial properties for the epithelium, including increased hydration and elasticity, with the stimulation of cell regeneration.

Niacinamide or nicotinamide

Niacinamide is a derivative of vitamin B3, present in various foods, vegetables, eggs and meat, among others, and of course, in our body, where it is part of multiple processes, including the transformation of carbohydrates into energy. This substance reduces the transepidermal loss of water from the skin, in other words, it helps maintain moisturise better than many other ingredients and without leaving the skin feeling heavy.

Grey hair, like hair loss, has multiple causes, but the underlying reason hair turns grey is the reduction in function of the melanocytes. The melanocytes are the cells that produce melanin in the hair, and a surprisingly small amount of active melanocytes are required to maintain the natural hair colour.

Niacinamide, as it is a powerful anti-oxidant, is active in the metabolism of lipids. In the event of oxidative stress (the accumulation of free radicals) directly involved in the increase in severity and the emergence of grey hair, niacinamide is a very effective anti-oxidant for eliminating specific free radicals which are involved in the ageing of the hair.

The second way in which the niacinamide can help prevent the emergence of grey hair is through its ability to reduce the bad cholesterol and increase the good cholesterol, which plays a significant role in avoiding the ageing of the hair. The amount of grey hair is a marker for coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis, a disease that involves the accumulation of plaque and fats within the arteries. A well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis is high cholesterol, so in this case niacinamide is beneficial not only for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also for preventing grey hair.